Where EMS Response Times Exceed Cardiac Survival Thresholds
Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas
Response times modeled using network circuity factor (1.35×) applied to straight-line distance from nearest fire/EMS station, plus 2-minute dispatch + turnout overhead per NFPA 1710.
Cardiac arrest incidence estimated from Census ACS population data and CDC PLACES coronary heart disease prevalence (2023). Survival curve based on published OHCA literature (Larsen et al.).
Data sources: OpenStreetMap (EMS stations), U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line 2023, Census ACS 5-Year 2022, CDC PLACES 2023.